Ultraviolet radiation can cause sunburn, accelerate skin aging and increase the risk of skin cancer. When used correctly, sunscreen is an effective form of protection, but it should be combined with shade, protective clothing and sensible sun habits.
Key takeaways
- Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen (UVA and UVB) with SPF 30 or higher.
- Approved chemical filters and mineral filters, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, can both protect effectively when applied correctly.
- Apply about 15 minutes before going outdoors and reapply at least every two hours, and after swimming, heavy sweating or towel drying.
- Health Canada states that sunscreen side effects are rare.
- For babies younger than six months, prioritize shade and protective clothing and ask a healthcare professional before applying sunscreen.
- No sunscreen blocks 100% of ultraviolet radiation.
How do you choose a sunscreen?
Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against UVA and UVB rays, with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher.
- For swimming, sports or heavy sweating: Select a product labelled “water resistant” or “sport”. No sunscreen is completely waterproof.
- In Canada: Look for a DIN or NPN on the label.
Mineral vs. chemical sunscreen: which is better?
Approved chemical filters and mineral filters, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, can both provide effective protection when applied correctly. Mineral products may be better tolerated by some people but are not automatically superior for everyone.
How do you apply sunscreen correctly?
Apply a generous, even layer to all uncovered skin about 15 minutes before going outdoors. Remember:
- The ears.
- The neck.
- The tops of the feet.
- The backs of the hands.
- The lips.
How often should you reapply sunscreen?
Reapply at least every two hours, and after swimming, heavy sweating or towel drying.
Does sunscreen expire?
Check the expiry date, and do not leave sunscreen in a hot car or in direct sunlight, since excessive heat may reduce its effectiveness.
Is sunscreen safe?
Health Canada states that sunscreen side effects are rare. Some people may nevertheless react to a UV filter, fragrance or preservative.
- Sensitive skin: Consider a fragrance-free product, test it on a small area for 48 hours or ask a healthcare professional for advice.
- Babies younger than six months: Prioritize shade and protective clothing and ask a healthcare professional before applying sunscreen.
Why sunscreen alone isn’t enough
Sunscreen is only one part of sun protection. A high SPF does not make unlimited sun exposure safe, and no sunscreen blocks 100% of ultraviolet radiation.
- Seek shade, especially when UV radiation is strongest.
- Wear a wide-brimmed hat, protective clothing and sunglasses.
When to see a healthcare professional about your skin
At Bina Clinic, we recommend sun protection tailored to your skin, activities and medical history. Consult a healthcare professional about any skin lesion that changes, bleeds, does not heal or causes concern.
Related: Dermatology, Skin and Hair
Official sources
This article provides general information and does not replace a personalized medical assessment, diagnosis or treatment.
