HPV testing looks for high-risk types of human papillomavirus that can cause precancerous cervical changes. It is gradually replacing the Pap test as the main screening test because it identifies risk earlier.
Who should be screened?
Where the test is available, HPV screening is recommended every 5 years for women and people with a
cervix aged 25 to 65 who have no symptoms and are covered by Québec public insurance.
Screening remains relevant after HPV vaccination and even without recent sexual activity. After age 65, the decision depends on previous results and individual circumstances.
When is a personalized schedule needed?
Immunocompromised people are generally screened every 3 years. When switching from a normal Pap test, the first HPV test is usually 3 years later, or 1 year later for an immunocompromised person.
Previous cervical precancer, cancer, abnormal results or cervical procedures require specialized follow-up. After hysterectomy, testing depends on whether the cervix remains and on the person’s history.
What happens during the test?
A clinician gently inserts a speculum and uses a small brush to collect cells from the cervix. The sample takes only a few minutes and requires no fasting or anesthesia.
Pressure, discomfort or light spotting may occur. Routine home self-sampling is not yet available in Québec; the sample is collected by a health professional.
Understanding the result
A negative result means no high-risk HPV requiring specific follow-up was detected; if you remain eligible, the next test is usually due in 5 years.
A positive result does not mean cancer or prove a recent infection. The same sample may be examined by cytology; depending on the findings, the test may be repeated or colposcopy and a small biopsy may be recommended.
Benefits, limits and possible harms
Screening lowers the risk of developing or dying from cervical cancer by allowing precancerous changes to be treated. No screening test, however, detects every cancer.
A positive result can cause anxiety and lead to more testing. Some changes would have resolved on their own, so screening can occasionally lead to overdiagnosis or treatment whose implications, including for a future pregnancy, should be discussed.
When should you not wait for screening?
Unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after intercourse, abnormal discharge, persistent pelvic pain or pain during intercourse requires diagnostic assessment.
HPV testing is screening, not a test to explain symptoms. Tell the clinic about previous abnormal results, colposcopy and gynecologic surgery.
At Bina Clinic, we can confirm eligibility, review previous results, arrange the sample and ensure appropriate follow-up. The goal is screening at the right time with a clear explanation of every result.
Official sources
This article provides general information and does not replace a personalized medical assessment, diagnosis or treatment.
